![]() ![]() Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. This narrative review will provide the framework for summarizing indications to antiviral therapy in the management of chronic HBV infection in children and adolescents.Īdolescents Antiviral therapy Children Entecavir Hepatitis B Interferon Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. Finally, EMA has approved the use of tenofovir alafenamide for treatment of children aged 12 years and older or for children weighing more than 35 kg independent of age. Acute infection may cause nonspecific symptoms, such as fatigue, poor appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, low-grade fever, jaundice, and dark urine and clinical signs, such as hepatomegaly. It also is the primary cause of liver cancer (also known as hepatocellular carcinoma or HCC), which is the second-leading cause of cancer deaths in the world. It is up to 100 times more infectious than the HIV/AIDS virus. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate is approved by EMA for children aged 2 years and older and by US-FDA for treatment in children aged 12 years and older. Hepatitis B is a global public health threat and the world’s most common serious liver infection. Although everyone may be at risk for a hepatitis B infection during their lifetime, there are groups of people who are at higher risk because of where they were. It is not a genetic disease it is an infectious disease that is transmitted through blood. Both United States Food and Drug Administration (US-FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) have approved interferon alfa-2b for children aged 1 year and older, pegylated interferon alfa-2a and lamivudine for children aged 3 years and older, entecavir for use in children aged 2 years and older, and adefovir for use in those 12 years of age and older. The hepatitis B virus can infect infants, children, teens and adults. The main goals of antiviral treatment for children with chronic HBV infection are to suppress viral replication and to warn the disease progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, although these complications are rare in children. You can get it if you have unprotected sex with someone who has it and your partner’s blood, saliva, semen, or vaginal secretions enter your. Sometimes, however, hepatitis A results in a severe illness that lasts several months. The most common ways to get hepatitis B include: Sex. These symptoms may be relatively mild and go away in a few weeks. Although a conservative approach in children is usually recommended, different therapies exist and different therapeutic approaches are possible. Yellowing of the skin and the whites of your eyes (jaundice) Intense itching. Most children acquire the infection perinatally or during early childhood and develop a chronic hepatitis characterized by a high viral replication and a low-inflammation phase of infection, with normal or only slightly raised aminotransferases. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. ![]()
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